The superhero genre, now a century old, has only benefited from modern changes like big box theaters in every town and on-demand streaming in every home. And although the first superhero movie might not always be top-of-mind for fans, it has a direct impact on the success of today’s well-established superhero culture.
As the latest “Deadpool & Wolverine” (2024) grosses over $1.3 billion worldwide — with Lady Deadpool and Wolverine ranking in the top 15 Halloween costumes for 2024 — one has to wonder where this phenomenon started. Here, we’ll uncover the history of superhero films, iconic releases, and the legacy left from the first superhero film ever in today’s booming industry.
Brief overview of the superhero genre
Image via Erik Mclean.
Names like Batman, Captain America, Spider-Man, and Superman are universally known by superhero film connoisseurs and movie novices alike. What some don’t know, however, is that these icons have a longer history than a modern film may suggest. To fully appreciate the trajectory of the superhero genre, let’s start with some basic superhero knowledge.
Superheroes defined
A superhero is generally defined as a fictional character with superhuman abilities, like flying, telepathy, super speed, telekinesis, and superhuman strength. Often found in film and comic books, the costumed-fighters share a recognizable plot between good versus evil, or heroes versus villains.
Heroes are commonly idolized for traits like courage, bravery, nobility, and integrity, whereas villains are undoubtedly malicious. Archenemies, like The Joker in “Batman,” embody complex character traits mirroring that of the protagonist. Often, the superhero and archenemy have similar goals but contrasting approaches to achieving them.
Understanding contentions between characters bodes well for modern-day films, like “The Avengers,” which famously combines narratives from “Thor,” “Hulk,” “Iron Man,” and “Captain America.” While anyone could learn plenty from these crossover films, they’re best appreciated once knowing the characters’ origin stories. Witnessing the relationships, conflicts, and histories are critical ingredients of superhero fandom.
What makes superhero culture so popular?
Beyond the fact that the superhero genre masterfully balances elements of futurism, the supernatural, fantasy, adventure, and sci-fi, the $30 billion Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) conglomeration also profits from a different medium entirely: Comics!
Though the first superhero movie was released prior to that of superhero comics, the industries peaked together and still operate in tandem. Publishing powerhouse, Marvel Comics, originated in 1939 and is known for unforgettable titles like “Fantastic Four” (1961), “Avengers” (1963), “X-Men” (1963), “Guardians of the Galaxy” (1969), “Black Panther” (1966), and countless others that have all made their debut on the big screen (and with several adaptations).
You may recognize superhero films like “The Shadow” (1994) as adaptations from the 1930 radio series, or “Underdog” (2007) from the original 1964 TV series. As mediums merge and adaptations, well, adapt, it’s safe to say the superhero bandwagon is alive and well.
Early superhero movies
Image via Pinterest.
At last, the moment it all began. Though there remains some debate, the first superhero film is The Mark of Zorro (1920), where a heroic, mysteriously marked vigilante fights injustice by way of agile swordsmanship. Though not the modernized boot-cut tracksuit-wearing type, the sentiments of Zorro check all boxes for good-fights-evil under the guise of a hidden identity. Let’s break down some elements that solidify “The Mark of Zorro” as the first superhero movie, ultimately shaping the superhero game forever.
Mission: Save the poor and politically oppressed
Weapon: Sword
Identity: Masked
Costume: All black with a cape, mask, and gaucho hat
Abilities: Horseman, marksman, and swordsman
Named after the word “fox” in Spanish, the quick and cunning behavior of “El Zorro” has influenced timeless characters like Superman, Batman, and the Lone Ranger.
Though Zorro is recognized as a noble character indeed, he doesn’t exactly possess superhuman or supernatural abilities. He is undoubtedly nifty, but does he transcend human potential? For this reason, some still debate whether or not “The Mark of Zorro” was, in fact, the first superhero movie ever.
Still, Zorro’s impact in the superhero genre is undeniable as his legacy lives on through various mediums, like: the modernized movie starring Antonio Banderas (1998), the book, “Zorro” (2005), written by Chilean author Isabel Allende, the adapted TV series El Zorro (2024), and more. The story of Zorro is even taught in literature and Spanish classes as part of educational curricula.
Both “The Mark of Zorro” and its sequel, “Don Q, Son of Zorro” (1925), are considered swashbuckling adventure romance films. Though this genre seems vastly different from today’s action-packed supernatural films — with advanced CGI, AI, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) — they do share similar motives.
Needless to say, Zorro launched Douglas Fairbanks’ career, as he swiftly grew to stardom in “The Three Musketeers” (1921), “Robin Hood” (1922), “The Thief of Bagdad” (1924), and “The Black Pirate” (1926) within the next several years.
Pro tip: Curious to see how the first superhero movie still influences the superhero genre today? Snag a large bucket of popcorn, queue up these films in order of year (including both Zorros, of course), and commit yourself to an immersive evening (or week) of study. No matter how many superhero films you’ve seen, you’ll likely identify common themes still playing out today.
What was the first superhero movie?
While Zorro was the first influence of the superhero genre, more obvious superhero depictions would soon hit the screen. Similar to the Hollywood Golden Age, silent films marked the beginning of the era, but didn’t always hold the same notoriety as those with sound.
For that reason, many identify “The Adventures of Captain Marvel” (1941) as the first superhero film, with actor Tom Tyler portraying the first ever superhero on screen. A profound debut of the 12-part serial, this film leaves no question regarding whether or not this classifies as a superhero film.
Captain Marvel, known for his superhuman gifts of flight, extra strength, photon blasts, and seventh sense, works to defeat criminal mastermind, Scorpion, from obtaining an ancient weapon. A true hero, Captain Marvel can only use his powers for good, protecting the innocent from Scorpion’s curse.
Like any true superhero film, “The Adventures of Captain Marvel” takes fans on an adventure to defeat the nemesis and restore the world’s balance to its people. Whether in print on screen, every creative depiction of today’s beloved superheroes capitalized on what came before it to produce the next successful thing.
How superhero films have evolved
Image via Josh Hild.
There are several ways superhero films have evolved over time, with three major standouts:
1. Technology advancements
After 100 years since the first release of anything superhero-related, it goes without saying that much has changed in film. Technologically, and thanks to CGI, the beloved supernatural elements of this genre have become more advanced and more realistic than ever.
CGI’s use of 3D computer graphics creates both a hyperreal and surreal experience. Pair this film technology with a 3D IMAX viewing experience? No brainer.
2. Crossover narratives
As the saying goes, “Imitation is art.” And with imitation comes innovative crossover narratives, like “Deadpool & Wolverine.” Pairing two or multiple universes together bridges fan bases around the world, while keeping narratives relevant and thriving.
3. Inclusivity and representation
Women and marginalized groups have been underrepresented in superhero culture, but over the years, the predominance of diversity and inclusion has grown. Having a more balanced presence in film, women and marginalized peoples are cast more frequently as leading roles or counterparts (or both).
So it goes in film, ticket sales always tell a greater story about what’s happening in society. Films remain successful when they’re relevant and representative of current culture, trends, and events (to name a few).
Whether you’re ready to take the deep dive into the world of all things superheroes, or you’re wondering how many of these films you’ve seen, take a look at this list of must-see superhero films for your next movie night(s).
Iconic and must-see superhero films
Here are just a handful (of the hundreds!) of must-see superhero films. Trust that these will serve as a solid starting point and that within each suggestion also includes related films and serials.
- Unbreakable (2019)
- Black Panther (2018)
- Wonder Woman (2017)
- Logan (2017)
- Deadpool (2016)
- Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
- Avengers (2012)
- Green Lantern (2011)
- Iron Man (2008)
- Fantastic Four (2005)
- Hellboy (2004)
- X-Men (2000)
- Batman & Robin (1997)
- The Phantom (1996)
- The Crow (1994)
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990)
- Captain America (1990)
- Superman (1978)
- The Incredible Hulk (1977)
- Spider-Man (1977)
- Batman (1966)
- Ghost Rider (1935)
If you’ve seen most of these movies, consider yourself a superhero yourself. Off the top of your head, you’ll likely notice how many of these films are parts of series or sequels. You could simply search one character on any streaming service, like “Batman,” and find a handful of films based on him alone. Happy watching (and pace yourself!).
Pro tip: Of course, you can watch the original versions or the new ones (or both). The originals will give you an appreciation of how it all began and the new ones will help you see how far the genre has come from the first superhero film ever made. Both are valuable experiences!
Don’t hesitate to hone in on a time period if you need a strategic place to start. Sometimes, you might crave a 90s film for the special effects, natural lighting, lens selections, and dolly shots. Other times, a black-and-white film does the trick. The superhero world is your oyster.
The first superhero film to now
After 100 years, the superhero genre has changed, but in all the right ways. From the first superhero movie to now, we’ve gone from black-and-white film to color, from silent to sound, and from flying around on visible harnesses to seamless immersive experiences. Needless to say, the evolution of the superhero genre — and film in general — is astounding.
Though the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and DC Extended Universe (DCEU) simulate their own worlds, the impact of these characters live far beyond print and screen. For adults and kids alike, the message behind living a heroic life is medicinal for everyone. Media’s influence in society has always been potent, for better or worse. Considering how superheroes can serve as positive role models for the upcoming generation holds great promise and potential.
Thanks to history, modern day superhero culture will always echo some element of the past. Fandom communities, media presence, technology advancements, and universal likeness for the imagination keeps the spirit of superheroes alive. Wherever you get your superhero fix — in comic books, radio shows, TV series, film, or even your own superpowered creations — take a moment to appreciate what you love so much about it. Perhaps you’ll take away something different this time. Enjoy!